“Tom Paine generally took a critical stance when dealing with religion and the church, but in 1775, in an essay entitled, “Thoughts on Defensive War” he wrote as follows: “In the barbarous ages of the world, men in general had no liberty. the strong governed the weak a will; till the coming of Christ there was no such thing as political freedom in any part of the world… The Romans held the world in slavery and were themselves slaves of their emperors… Wherefore political as well as spiritual freedom is the gift of God through Christ” –  Edmund A. Opitz, in The Libertarian Theology of Freedom